Ronaldo is now the all-time leading goalscorer in European competition after two goals in the upset 4-3 defeat against Schalke took his total to 78, surpassing the previous record held by another former Real stalwart, Raul.
But, perhaps more importantly for his intense rivalry with Barcelona's Lionel Messi, Ronaldo equalled the Argentine's Champions League record of 75.
And there was more than a touch of irony that the record-breaking goals should have come against Schalke, the club where Raul ended his playing days after being deemed surplus to requirements in Spain.
Also through to the last eight are FC Porto, who advanced
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At the expense of Swiss club Basel, 5-1 on aggregate and 4-0 on the night.
Ronaldo scored twice for Real in the first half, his header in the 25th minute from a corner by Tony Kroos cancelling out an opener for the Germans by Christian Fuchs five minutes earlier.
That equalled Raul's record of 77, and then, after Klaas Jan Huntelaar had restored Schalke's lead, Ronaldo equalised for a second time with another header just before the break, with his 78th European goal in all.
- Fully-deserved -
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Last year he led Real Madrid to their 10th European Champions title, but their first in 12 years, smashing Messi's record of 15 Champions League goals in a single season with 17 in just 11 appearances along the way.
This season, he has already netted 30 times in the league and eight times in the Champions League, matching Messi goal for goal.
It also means he has now scored 60 times in 59 Champions League appearances for Real.