Bale was dropped from Madrid's starting lineup minutes before the match after the club's medical staff examined his left thigh during warm-ups at the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium.
The club said it was for "precaution" and that he would undergo tests today.
Things only got worse for Madrid's disappointed fans when Getafe forward Angel Lafita opened the scoring in the fifth minute. But Pepe scored from a rebound in the 19th before Ronaldo converted a penalty in the 33rd, set up Francisco "Isco" Alarcon in the 59th, and added another goal in injury time after Getafe had been reduced to 10 men.
Madrid remained undefeated through five rounds and is in third place in the standings, two points behind Barcelona and Atletico Madrid.
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Villarreal also stayed unbeaten in its return to Spain's top flight after drawing 0-0 at Celta Vigo. The same lack of finishing touch condemned Real Betis to a 0-0 finish against visiting Granada, leaving both teams with one win.
Brazilian forward Jonas scored twice for Valencia, netting in the 32nd and then again in the 73rd after Kevin Gameiro had leveled for Sevilla in the 52nd.