The 1966 world champions were dumped out of the World Cup on Friday, halfway through the competition's group phase, after losing 2-1 to both Italy and Uruguay in their first two Group D matches.
Rooney has now tasted disappointment at five major competitions and having seen England flop in Brazil despite preparations that were widely considered to be ideal, he feels the problem is one of mentality.
"I think you look at teams who have won the tournament over previous years and you can see that nastiness in them. I think we need to get that in us," he told a group of journalists in Rio de Janeiro yesterday.
"I think we're a bit honest in terms of the way we play. It's small margins. But those small things can amount to a big thing in terms of staying in the competition or going out."
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England were aggrieved by some of Uruguay's rough-house tactics in Thursday's game between the sides in Sao Paulo, with manager Roy Hodgson making several references to the South Americans' "tough tackling".
However, while Rooney felt that he had come in for particularly rough treatment during the game, he believes that England can learn a valuable lesson from Uruguay's approach.
"I want to win the game. I got kicked 10 times and I don't think there was a yellow card given to an opponent. We try and be honest, but maybe that's a fault of ours.