The vote reflected public discontent with Abbas and his Fatah movement, whose popularity has sunk due to a weak economy, nepotism in its ranks and its failure to lead the Palestinians closer to independence.
Yesterday's vote gave Palestinians a rare chance to cast ballots after over a decade without presidential or legislative elections. Abbas' embattled party ran virtually unopposed, and yesterday's election was seen as a litmus test of Fatah's popularity.
In Hebron, the West Bank's largest city and a Hamas stronghold, Fatah won just seven of 15 seats. "The result wasn't great for us," said Tayseer Abu Sneineh, the head of Fatah's list in the city.
In Nablus, another major city, Fatah won 11 of 15 seats, but only after forming an alliance with Islamist candidates. Turnout in Nablus was just 21 per cent.
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Roughly 2.2 million Palestinians live in the West Bank, of whom just over 787,000 were eligible to vote. East Jerusalem's 300,000 residents didn't take part in the elections.
The Palestinians have been divided between rival governments since Hamas defeated Fatah in the 2006 legislative elections and drove the latter out of the Gaza Strip the following year, leaving Abbas in control only of the Palestinian Authority autonomy government in parts of the West Bank. Repeated attempts to reconcile have failed.
The Palestinian president is currently more than a decade into what was supposed to be a four-year term.
Hanna Nasser, head of the Central Elections Commission, said the organization plans to approach Hamas about the possibility of holding municipal elections in the Gaza Strip.