Dmitry Kamenshchik, the owner of Moscow's Domodedovo airport, faces charges over the lack of scanning equipment on entry to the airport which allowed the bomber to bring explosives into arrivals hidden under his clothes for the attack that killed 37 people.
The airport owner was detained overnight after arriving voluntarily for questioning as a witness at the powerful Investigative Committee.
A Moscow court was set to formalise his arrest at 2 pm (local time) today.
Domodedovo airport said in a statement that Kamenshchik's detention was "groundless." It said the airport would continue operating as normal.
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The Investigative Committee said in a statement that Kamenshchik and other officials "introduced a new system of inspection at the entrances to the airport, which increased the airport's vulnerability."
The airport argues that 2010 legislation allowed airports not to put all those entering the building through a metal detector, instead opting for selective inspection. It denies it was economising on security measures.
Kamenshchik arrived at the Investigative Committee on Thursday carrying a bag of personal belongings, an indication he expected to be detained, Kommersant daily reported.
"I'm not afraid because I know that I have the truth behind me," he told journalists.
Russian Forbes magazine last year listed 47-year-old Kamenshchik as Russia's 27th richest businessman with a fortune of USD 3.8 billion.
Russia earlier this month arrested three former and acting airport officials in the same probe.
Russia in 2013 sentenced three men to life in prison for their roles in helping the suicide bomber.
Domodedovo, Russia's only privately controlled airport, has been rebuilt from an ageing Soviet relic to a bustling hub used by 86 airlines.
After the attack the authorities voiced concerns over Domodedovo's complex ownership structure. The state owns a blocking stake in the two other major Moscow airports, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo.