"Such actions, if they took place, do not breach the resolution," Russian deputy foreign minister Sergei Ryabkov told Interfax news agency, saying demands for UN talks were aimed at "heating up the situation".
The UN Security Council will hold talks Tuesday on Iran's test-firing of a medium-range missile after the United States requested the emergency meeting following a call from Israel for action.
Ryabkov said that Moscow had not confirmed the missile test took place.
Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif warned the United States against "creating new tensions" with Tehran over ballistic missiles tests.
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Russia co-signed the nuclear deal and enjoys good ties with Tehran, which is fighting alongside Moscow's forces in Syria to support President Bashar al-Assad.
The Kremlin is also, however, looking for better ties with the US after Trump pledged to bolster relations after they slumped to their worst level since the Cold War over the Ukraine crisis.
Iran has said its missiles would never carry a nuclear warhead as it has no plans to develop atomic weapons, but military officials have insisted on expanding the country's missile programme.
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