"The defence ministry is taking a range of measures with the aim of countering the build-up of NATO forces in close proximity to Russia's borders," Sergei Shoigu was quoted as saying by Russian news agencies.
"By the end of the year two new divisions will be established in the western military district and one in the southern military district."
Relations between NATO and Russia have deteriorated since Moscow annexed the Crimea region of Ukraine and eastern European countries are worried that they too might be targets of Russian aggression.
Russia -- which first announced the creation of the new divisions in January -- has consistently accused the US-led military alliance of trying to contain it ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union opened up the former Eastern Bloc.
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Relations further worsened over Moscow's air campaign in Syria and tensions have flared in the past month after incidents involving the US military and Russian planes in the Baltic Sea.
NATO member Estonia's defence ministry said the same day that Russian military planes regularly violate the ex-Soviet state's military airspace, describing such behaviour as "incredibly reckless".