Maj. Gen. Igor Konashenkov, spokesman for the Russian Defense Ministry, said in a statement that the airstrikes wounded Abu Mohammed al-Golani, leader of the al-Qaida-linked Levant Liberation Committee.
According to Konashenkov, 50 other militants who were securing the gathering were also killed.
Russia carried out the airstrikes yesterday at an undisclosed location in Syria after receiving intelligence about an upcoming high-level meeting of the group's leaders, the ministry said.
There was no immediate comment from the militant group.
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Rami Abdurrahman, head of the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which tracks the Syrian civil war, said on Wednesday he had no information about whether al-Golani was targeted and wounded or not.
The Observatory, however, reported that a military air base in the Idlib province, controlled by the Levant Liberation Committee, had been targeted with at least 23 airstrikes on Tuesday.
Russia is a key ally of Syrian President Bashar Assad, whose troops have also been advancing since early September in the eastern province of Deir el-Zour against the Islamic State group under the cover of Russian airstrikes.