The announcement comes a day after Moscow said it had dispatched its S-300 air defence missile system to its naval facility at Tartus in Syria.
The two Buyan-class corvettes - the Zelyony Dol and Serpukhov - returned to the Mediterranean after an earlier deployment off the coast of Syria that saw them carry out missile strikes on targets in the war-ravaged country on August 19.
A spokesman for Russia's Black Sea Fleet told Russian news agencies that the ships left their home port in Crimea yesterday as part of a "planned rotation" of Moscow's naval forces in the region.
The latest moves come as talks on reviving a failed ceasefire were suspended by Washington over Moscow's support of the regime in Damascus.
Moscow has been accused of indiscriminately bombing Aleppo's opposition-controlled east as it helps an offensive currently being conducted by Syrian regime forces to capture all of the country's second city.