"Russian air strikes will not cease until we truly defeat the terrorist organisations ISIL and Jabhat al-Nusra," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told reporters in Oman, referring to the IS and Al-Nusra Front jihadist groups, Interfax news agency reported.
"And I don't see why these air strikes should stop."
Lavrov also named as a condition for halting Russia's bombing campaign in Syria "shutting down smuggling across the Turkish-Syrian border."
Russia's intensive bombing in support of regime forces in Syria has threatened to derail high-profile peace negotiations that began in Switzerland this week.
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The Syrian opposition's High Negotiations Committee has voiced outrage at an ongoing government offensive backed by Russian air power and called for a halt to air strikes against civilians, among other demands.
Lavrov slammed "capricious people" in the Syrian opposition delegation, saying they were "starting to put forward preconditions" that had not been previously agreed, state news agency RIA Novosti reported.
"I think that expecting preconditions in the form of ultimatums will help solve problems is a short-sighted and futile policy," Lavrov said, quoted by Interfax.
He also criticised Turkey's role, saying it "single-handedly prevented" the powerful Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union Party from joining the talks.
In a message apparently aimed at Western powers, Lavrov said he hoped "those with decisive influence" on the Syrian opposition would work to "ensure the start of the intra-Syrian dialogue without preconditions.