Dmitry Itskov has brought together some of the world's leading neuroscientists, robot builders and consciousness researchers to create a robot which is capable of uploading a person's personality.
Itskov '2045 initiative' is described as the next step in evolution, supporting research into artificial intelligence. The project aims to store a person's thoughts and feelings in a robot, following the belief by experts that brains function in the same way as a computer.
The project's first step is to create a robot that can be controlled using the mind. It would work by uploading a digital version of a human brain to an android - effectively rebooting a person's mind - which would take the form of a robotic copy of a human body or, once technology has developed, a hologram with a full human personality.
"If there is no immortality technology, I'll be dead in the next 35 years. The ultimate goal of my plan is to transfer someone's personality into a completely new body," Itskov told BBC.
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Some scientists claim the project is "too stupid" and "cannot be done".
"You cannot code intuition, you cannot code aesthetic beauty, you cannot code love or hate," said Miguel Nicolelis, leading neuroscientist at Duke University.
"There is no way you will ever see a human brain reduced to a digital medium. It's simply impossible to reduce that complexity to the kind of algorithmic process that you will have to have to do that," Nicolelis said.
However, Itskov is more sanguine and believes he could indeed succeed in his goal of bringing about immortality.
"For the next few centuries I envision having multiple bodies, one somewhere in space, another hologram-like, my consciousness just moving from one to another," he said.