The court in Tomsk, western Siberia, also banned Vadim Tyumentsev, 35, from using the Internet for three years, according to the non-governmental group Sova, which works on monitoring nationalism and xenophobia in Russia.
Sova said Tyumentsev's sentence for "inciting inter-ethnic hatred and for extremist activities" was "too harsh, considering it was only for posting videos online".
In the YouTube videos, Tyumentsev notably called for refugees from east Ukraine's separatists areas of Donetsk and Lugansk to be expelled from Russia, accusing them of "betraying Ukraine".
"The Russian government seems determined to prevent free expression in any form, including in social media," Mark Lagon, president of the US-based rights watchdog Freedom House, said in a statement in response to the latest verdict.
Kiev and the West blame Russia for fuelling the bloody conflict in eastern Ukraine, where over 9,000 people have died since April 2014. Sporadic clashes between government troops and pro-Moscow rebels have continued despite a ceasefire.