Flight coordinator John Wallington said Konyukhov, who took off from Western Australia on July 12, had successfully flown the route by today afternoon but had yet to land.
His journey, taking just over 11 days, is faster than the record set by the late American adventurer Steve Fossett who in 2002 became the first person to fly solo around the world in a balloon in a feat which took 13 days.
"The record is broken -- no question," Wallington told AFP, adding that Konyukhov had flown his balloon almost exactly over his starting point.
The flight route has taken Konyukhov from Australia to above New Zealand, across the Pacific Ocean, South America, the Cape of Good Hope and the Southern Ocean.
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Winds pushed his flight towards Antarctica as he made his approach to Australia on the final leg of the journey but he successfully crossed over land in the country's west early today.
Wallington said the last 24 hours of the trip had been uneventful for the experienced Russian explorer but joked that "the previous 10 days have been awful".
He said flying through thunderstorms and getting pushed towards Antarctica by strong winds had been particularly hard.
"He just thought it would be a really nice thing to do," he said of the round-the-world journey.
"Breaking a record is a nice bonus, but the objective was just to fly around the world.