Doctor Ilya Zelendinov from the Russian city of Belgorod, 580 kilometres south of Moscow, was caught on security camera punching a male patient in the face, causing him to fall backwards and die from a head injury.
The shocking video footage of the attack on December 29 went viral online and was aired on national television.
Yevgeniya Solodovnikova, a spokeswoman for the Belgorod court, told AFP that Zelendinov was handed a jail term of nine years and two months and had his medical licence suspended.