The Federal Security Service, or FSB, said the suspects belonged to Tablighi Jamaat, a global Sunni Islamic missionary movement that has been banned in Russia as an extremist group.
The FSB said it detained the suspected group members during today's raid and confiscated the group's literature.
It said natives of formerly Soviet Central Asian nations led the Moscow cell of the group.
The raid follows a series of arrests of suspects accused of involvement in radical and extremist Islamic groups in Russia.
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