Graeme Smith, who was released from the ODI squad to prepare for the Tests, will lead the side in the series starting December 18 in Johannesburg.
"We were very happy with the performance of the Proteas in the second Test match at Dubai," Andrew Hudson, the selection convener, said.
"We see no need to change something that is operating well."
The South Africans are currently on a roll having beaten India in the first two ODIs of an ongoing three-match series.
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Thami Tsolekile is the reserve wicketkeeper in the side to back up AB de Villiers, who is currently leading the ODI team.
The second Test will be played in Durban, from December 26.
South Africa Test squad: Graeme Smith (capt), Hashim Amla, AB de Villiers (wk), JP Duminy, Faf du Plessis, Dean Elgar, Imran Tahir, Jacques Kallis, Rory Kleinveldt, Morne Morkel, Alviro Petersen, Robin Peterson, Vernon Philander, Dale Steyn, Thami Tsolekile (wk).