The South Korean giant forecast of 9.5 trillion won (USD 8.3 billion) in operating profit for the April-June quarter would be a record. But analysts had expected a figure of more than 10 trillion won, and shares in the firm lost more than three percent in afternoon trade.
"It's weaker than expected. Slow mobile sales, combined with hefty marketing costs for the flagship Galaxy S4 smartphones, undermined the bottom line," Jeff Kim, of Hyundai Securities, told AFP.
Samsung has lost nearly USD 30 billion in market value since mid-March, before it launched the Galaxy S4 smartphone a month later.
Investors are concerned that the company relies too heavily on IT and mobile business, which accounts for more than 70 per cent of its operating profit, at a time when the global outlook for this sector is not so bright, Jeff Kim said.
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Several brokerages have downgraded Samsung and their earnings forecasts for the company on fears that the S4 is not selling as strongly as hoped.
Samsung, the world's top maker of smartphones, memory chips and flat-panel TVs, was giving earnings guidance before official results at the end of July.
The estimate for second-quarter operating profit represents a 47 per cent increase from the actual figure of 6.46 trillion won a year earlier.
The forecast marks an 8.2 per cent rise from the previous quarter, when the tech behemoth posted an operating profit of 8.78 trillion on the back of robust smartphone sales.
Sales in the April-June period were expected to reach 57 trillion won, up 19.8 per cent from the same period last year.
A poll of seven analysts forecast an average second-quarter operating profit of 10.1 trillion won on sales of 58.6 trillion won, Dow Jones Newswires said.
In afternoon trade on Seoul's KOSPI stock index, Samsung was down 3.49 per cent at 1.27 million won.
The new market jitters about Samsung come after Canada's troubled BlackBerry, fresh after launching two flagship phones, today posted an unexpected first-quarter loss and disappointing sales figures. Its share price tumbled nearly 28 per cent on the news.
The mobile business, a key profit driver for Samsung, accounted for 74 per cent of its total operating profit in the first quarter. Samsung also makes consumer electronics including cameras and laptops, and home appliances.