The Indo-Kazakh pair lost 5-7 3-6 to the unseeded Czech-Russian pair in the first round of the Wimbledon build-up tournament.
Sania and Shevdova, who won College Park doubles title last year, lost the contest in one hour and two minutes.
They dropped their serve twice in each set to lose the match, their first in the grass court season.
Sania was playing with a fifth different partner this season. She had teamed up with Elena Vesnina, Roberta Vinci, Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Anastasia Rodionova before.