Maj Gen Mansour al-Turki, a ministry spokesman, said in a statement today that the suspects, including Yemenis, were arrested in the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and two other cities.
He added that the suspects had different roles, including logistical operations and recruitment, as well as providing shelter and financial support to the militants.
Al-Turki said the suspects had experience in making explosives and suicide vests.
Saudi Arabia has been targeted by a number of deadly suicide bombings and other attacks claimed by the Islamic State group in recent years. The country is part of the US-led coalition fighting the group in Iraq and Syria.