The arrests come as part of the kingdom's drive to "punish" those "belonging to or supporting" groups classified as "terrorist," the ministry added in a statement on the official SPA news agency.
Saudi King Abdullah on Friday underscored the threat posed by jihadists unless there is "rapid" action.
The ministry said Tuesday that the suspects, arrested over past months across the kingdom, are all Saudis except for three Yemenis and one whose identity remains "unknown."
Fifty-nine of them were "previously arrested over their links to the deviant group," the name used by Saudi authorities.
More From This Section
It released scores of militants after passing them through a controversial rehabilitation programme set up seven years ago to persuade jihadists that their actions violate the teachings of Islam.
But many graduates of the programme returned to militancy, including Saeed al-Shehri, who went on to become deputy leader of the deadly Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula before being killed in a US drone strike in Yemen last year.
The ministry said the latest arrests had "foiled plots they were going to start implementing inside and outside" the country.
It also includes the little-known Shiite militant group Saudi Hezbollah as well as Shiite Huthi rebels in neighbouring Yemen.
Saudi Arabia's top cleric last month branded Al-Qaeda and IS jihadists as "enemy number one" of Islam.
And King Abdullah was quoted as saying: "Terrorism knows no border and its danger could affect several countries outside the Middle East.
"If we ignore them, I am sure they will reach Europe in a month and America in another month."