Mohammed bin Abd al-Ghani bin Hassan al-Khatir, a Saudi, "was caught smuggling a large quantity of drugs in the form of pills into the kingdom, inside his luggage," the official Saudi Press Agency said, citing the ministry.
The death sentence was carried out in the northern region of Jawf.
Since October 15, six Pakistanis have also been executed for drug trafficking.
The interior ministry says the government is battling narcotics "because of their great harm to individuals and society".
Rape, murder, apostasy and armed robbery are also punishable by death under the kingdom's strict version of Islamic sharia law.