The announcement came after parliament in May adopted a new law aimed at attracting foreign investment as the authorities seek to reinvigorate the North African country's struggling economy.
The ministry said in a statement that Bin Talal told Investment Minister Sahar Nasr in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh that he would invest in hotels in several locations.
Tourism in the Arab world's most populous nation has yet to bounce back from before the 2011 uprising that toppled longtime ruler Hosni Mubarak.
The Saudi investment would include expanding the Four Seasons resort in Sharm in the southern Sinai, transforming it into "the biggest resort in the world", the ministry said.
New hotels would also be built in the Mediterranean town of El-Alamein and in Madinaty east of Cairo.
The ministry said the amount of Saudi investment was "expected to surpass about USD 800 million", and the projects would be carried out with Egyptian real estate developer Talaat Moustafa Group.