The defendant, who was not identified, had been convicted of inciting "families of those arrested for security reasons to protest by publishing Tweets and videos on YouTube," justice ministry spokesman Fahd al-Bakran was quoted by SPA as saying.
Prosecutors also found the defendant guilty of "mocking" King Abdullah, Saudi scholars and the judiciary, as well as criticising security services for arresting "promoters of extremist ideology".
In addition to the jail sentence, the court banned the defendant from travelling for eight years and posting on social media.
The sentence came two days after the Saudi interior ministry published a list of "terror" groups including the Muslim Brotherhood, Al-Nusra Front, which is Al-Qaeda's official Syrian affiliate, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, another jihadist group fighting in Syria and Iraq.
Saudi Arabia's interior ministry has said it will prosecute those who back such groups "financially or morally", or seek to promote them in the media and on social networks.