Ahn Kyong-Hwan withdrew his candidacy in the wake of a public outcry centred on his 2016 book "What is Man?" and past behaviour including the revelation that he had once forged a marriage registration with an ex-girlfriend without her knowledge.
The move is widely seen as a serious blow to South Korea's new President Moon Jae-In's efforts to reform state prosecution authorities under the command of the justice ministry, who have a checkered history of corruption and abuse of power.
Ahn, a former head of the state human rights watchdog, also came under fire for his views on the role of women, outlined in his book, which featured musings such as "female company is essential for drinking".
"Women can live selling their bodies rather than begging. There are men in abundance who are willing to pay for sex," he said in the book.
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"A man with such a distorted attitude toward the opposite sex is a high government official? Shame on the whole country," one person wrote on a news website.
Ahn, 69, held a press conference yesterday to express his contrition over the the false marriage registration, which was later nullified by a court.
"I committed a terrible wrongdoing when I was in my mid 20s. Since then I've been living in repentance, regretting my wrong behaviour," he said.
But he insisted that his writings had been taken out of context and said he had no intention to "insult women" and saying he wanted to give men "a chance to reflect on themselves by revealing my own nature and desire".
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