Jorge Picciani, speaker of the state legislature, surrendered to police after an appeals court overturned the legislature's earlier ruling, local media reported.
The assembly on Friday had voted overwhelmingly to let him out while he awaits trial, arguing it had authority over sitting politicians. That vote prompted fury from many in a city exasperated with rampant corruption and crime.
According to prosecutors, Picciani was part of a graft scheme headed by state governor Sergio Cabral, who a year ago was convicted and sentenced to more than 14 years prison.
Temer allies have twice successfully voted in the national Congress to prevent the president being put on trial.
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