Researchers led by the Dartmouth College used micro-electrodes to record the activity of cells in a rat's brain that makes the spatial navigation possible.
A critical component involved in establishing direction process is the set of neurons called "head direction cells".
These cells act like a compass based on the direction the head is facing. They are located in the thalamus, a structure that sits on top of the brainstem, near the centre of the brain.
Neurons called "place cells" work to establish location relative to some landmarks or cues in the environment. The place cells are found in the hippocampus, part of the brain's temporal lobe.
Studies were conducted using implanted microelectrodes that enabled the monitoring of electrical activity as these different cell types fired.
The research found that the two populations