Most of the rice produced in Southern Asia, including India and Thailand, is indica rice.
In preliminary testing, researchers from Japan and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) here found that incorporating the SPIKE gene increased the yields of modern long-grain indica rice varieties - the world's most widely grown types of rice - by 13 to 36 per cent.
The use of SPIKE in rice breeding could contribute to food security in indica-growing regions such as South and Southeast Asia, researchers said.
"We discovered the gene, SPIKE, in an Indonesian tropical japonica rice variety," said rice breeder Dr Nobuya Kobayashi of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization - Institute of Crop Science in Japan.
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Kobayashi is a former IRRI scientist seconded from the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS).
Tropical japonica rice is mainly grown in East Asia and accounts for only about 10 per cent of global rice production.
Breeders at IRRI, a non-profit research group, are now using SPIKE to boost the yield potential of leading local rice varieties.
"Testing of new rice varieties that have the SPIKE gene is under way in multilocation trials across several developing countries in Asia, including Indonesia," said Dr Tsutomu Ishimaru, an IRRI and JIRCAS rice breeder who is leading the work to develop new varieties with the SPIKE gene.