The epicentre of the moderate 5.6-magnitude quake was 19 kilometres (12 miles) from Tainan city where a 6.4-magnitude quake last February toppled an apartment complex, burying residents and killing 115.
No deaths were reported following Saturday's earthquake, which left four people injured in Tainan and Kaohsiung and caused a brief power outage in Tainan's eastern district, according to the national fire agency.
The quake struck at a depth of nine kilometres, 23 kilometres north-northwest of Kaohsiung, the island's second- largest city, the USGS said in a statement.
The island's worst tremor in recent decades was a 7.6-magnitude quake in September 1999 that killed around 2,400 people.
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