The decision was taken at a meeting of the state Cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis here.
Aney will succeed Sunil Manohar, who quit in June this year, seven months after he took over as Maharashtra's Advocate General (AG) citing "personal reasons".
Additional Solicitor General of India Anil Singh was then given the additional charge of AG.
Manohar had assumed charge on November 14, 2014.
During his brief stint as the state's top legal officer, Sunil Manohar, who is also the son of former Maharashtra Advocate General and reputed criminal law expert V R Manohar, appeared for the government in several important matters, including defending the government's vote of confidence on the floor of the House in Assembly and its stance on corruption in irrigation scams.
Manohar's resignation letter to Fadnavis mentioned his father's health issues as the prime reason for relinquishing the post.