The party also elected 91 members of its central committee and also the 16-member politburo on the concluding day of its 21st congress here today.
Addressing the CPI(M) meet here, Yechury, after getting elected as the general secretary, said this is the congress of future, future of our party and our country.
"Our task is to strengthen unity of Left and democratic forces. The unmistakable conclusion of this congress is that the crisis in capitalism continues to deepen in the world. There is no alternative except to strengthen the struggle for socialism. If there is any future for human civilisation, that future lies in socialism," the 62-year-old CPI(M) leader said.
Prior to his election, Yechury was considered as the front-runner for the post of general secretary.
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Pillai had yesterday rubbished the reports suggesting that he was also in the race for the top job in CPI(M), saying the party will decide the candidate for the post.
During its 21st congress which concluded here, the CPI(M) said that the immediate task on its hand was the fight against the Narendra Modi government's policies and "communal" agenda of the Hindutva forces, but ruled out joining hands with Congress in its campaign.