The landslide took place in Tegal Panjang village in Sukabumi district in west Java late Saturday after a particularly heavy downpour, said national disaster agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho.
"The landslide took place suddenly during a heavy rain. The cliff collapsed and hit a settlement," Sutopo said, adding that 11 houses were also buried under the debris.
"Six people died and four others are missing and are still being searched for," he said.
Landslides triggered by heavy rains and floods are common in tropical Indonesia during the rainy season.
The vast Indonesian archipelago is one of the most natural disaster-prone nations on Earth, and is also frequently hit by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.