"Cricket Australia has announced that Steven Smith has been appointed vice-captain of the Australian Test team effective immediately and will captain the Australian side in the absence of Michael Clarke," CA said in a statement.
The 25-year-old, who smashed 162 not out in the first innings and was 52 not out in the second essay of the opening Test which Australia won by 48 runs, thus became the 45th Test captain of the side and one of the youngest ever to take up the role.
Current vice-captain Brad Haddin, who led the Australian side on the final day of the Adelaide Test, will serve as Smith's deputy in Brisbane.
The appointment was recommended by CA's National Selection Panel and was endorsed by CA's Board of Directors last night.
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When Clarke returns to the side he will do so as captain with Smith serving as deputy.
"These are difficult circumstances given Michael's injury and the fact that we don't know how long he will be out of the game," National Selector Rod Marsh said.
"We congratulate Steve on the wonderful honour of leading his country. On Wednesday he will become Australia's 45th Test captain and at the age of 25 will become one of our youngest leaders. He is an exceptional young man who is highly regarded by the National Selection Panel not only for his fine performances with the bat but also his maturity and clear leadership potential," he added.