Soon, drugs to treat gambling addiction?

Scientists have shown for the first time that problem gambling behaviours can be treated with drugs that block dopamine D4 receptors.
With the help of a rat casino, University of British Columbia brain researchers have successfully reduced behaviours in rats that are commonly associated with compulsive gambling in humans.
The study, which featured the first successful modelling of slot machine-style gambling with rats in North America, is published in Biological Psychiatry journal.
"More work is needed, but these findings offer new hope for the treatment of gambling addiction, which is a growing public health concern," said Paul Cocker, lead author of the study and a PhD student in UBC's Department of Psychology.

"This study sheds important new light on the brain processes involved with gambling and gambling addictions," Cocker said.
For the study, rats gambled for sugar pellets using a slot machine-style device that featured three flashing lights and two levers they could push with their paws.

The rats exhibited several behaviours associated with problem gambling such as the tendency to treat "near misses" similar to wins.
Building on previous research, the team focused on the dopamine D4 receptor, which has been linked to a variety of behavioural disorders, but never proven useful in treatment.
The study found that rats treated with a dopamine D4 receptor-blocking medication exhibited reduced levels of behaviours associated with problem gambling.

While findings suggest that blocking the D4 dopamine receptor may help to reduce pathological gambling behaviours in humans, the scientists noted that further research is needed before the drugs can be considered a viable pharmaceutical treatment for pathological gambling in humans.
"Pathological gambling is increasingly seen as a behavioural addiction similar to drug or alcohol addiction, but we know comparatively little about how to treat problem gambling," said Cocker.
"Our study is the first to show that by blocking these receptors we might be able to reduce the rewarding aspects of near-misses that appear to be important in gambling," he said.