In the first official press briefing since the highly unusual incident yesterday, Brigadier General Cho Jong-Sul defended the border guards' actions, saying they had followed the correct protocol.
Nam Yong-Ho, a 47-year-old South Korean man, was fatally shot at around 2:30 pm (0530 GMT) while trying to swim across the Imjin river that makes up part of the western border with the North.
Cho said soldiers manning a nearby guard post had repeatedly shouted warnings at Nam to turn back, but he ignored them.
"Several hundred shots were fired," Cho said.
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Defections from South to North Korea are rare and there has been no case in the past 20 years of South Korean troops shooting anyone attempting the crossing.
Nam's precise motive is still unclear. Defence Ministry officials believe he was trying to defect, but have been unable to explain why he would seek to swim across the heavily guarded border in daylight.
He had clearly planned the crossing in advance and was wearing a home-made life preserver.
"Soldiers are supposed to shoot those who ignore military warnings and run away at border areas," he told reporters.
"It was a very urgent situation considering he could have gone to the North fairly quickly using the flotation device he was wearing," he added.
Nam was carrying his passport, which showed he had sought political asylum in Japan in June, but had been rejected and deported.
Because the 1950-53 Korean War concluded with an armistice rather than a peace treaty, North and South Korea technically remain in a state of conflict.
"It may be hard to understand for foreigners... But the two Koreas are still at war," Baek Seung-Joo said at a briefing for foreign journalists in Seoul.
The minister said the military was trained to view any attempted defection as an "extreme situation" and assume a worst-case scenario -- a major national security breach -- should it be successful.