German firm Lempertz unveiled plans today for what it says is the first such auction in Europe, with the capsule expected to fetch up to 1.4 million euros (1.9 million USD) on May 7.
"It was developed during the Soviet-US space race, part of the Cold War," the auction house said.
A British company first bought the capsule, which was also used for a short unmanned mission in 1978 and then for training, it said.
It then decided to sell it, handing it to Lempertz to manage.
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Now it is a newly painted pristine white, measuring some 2.2 metres (seven feet) high and 2.8 metres in diameter, weighing in at nearly two tons.
A circular door opens into the cramped compartment where the cosmonauts sat during their voyage around the earth.
Lempertz said it was organising the sale to mark the opening of its office in Brussels, aiming to attract attention with the highly unusual lot, known as Vozvrashchayemi Apparat (VA) or "re-entry capsule" in Russian.