The suspects are accused of "using social networks to commit suspected crimes of glorifying terrorism by ETA and of humiliating the victims of terrorism", the interior ministry said in a statement.
Police detained them in various regions of central and northern Spain, seizing their mobile phones to check them for messages, it said. Two of those detained are minors while the others are aged between 19 and 62.
They posted messages "calling for ETA to resume its attacks, praising attacks already carried out and glorifying convicted ETA terrorists", with some urging attacks on particular individuals, the ministry said.
Police arrested 20 suspects in similar raids in April after vowing to crack down on incitement to violence online.