A group of 12 European newspapers made the allegations based on leaked documents obtained by German weekly Der Spiegel.
Other high profile clients of Ronaldo's agent Jorge Mendes were also implicated, including Manchester United manager Jose Mourinho.
Both Ronaldo and Mourinho say that they have fully complied with British and Spanish fiscal requirements.
"The information in the hands of the tax office correspond to what we have learned in the media," Jose Enrique Fernandez de Moya, secretary for Spain's tax office, told radio station COPE.
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Lawyers for Ronaldo told the newspapers at the heart of the investigation that a Spanish tax audit aimed at the Portuguese was "still in progress."
Ronaldo is far from the only high profile footballer to find himself investigated by the Spanish tax authorities.
Earlier this year, Barcelona superstar Lionel Messi was given a 21-month prison sentence while fellow Argentine Javier Mascherano was handed a one-year suspended sentence, both for tax fraud.