The 28-year-old, who has played 32 Tests to date in which he has taken 155 wickets and scored 1136 runs, currently sits second in both the categories.
In the bowlers table, he is 12 points behind Englands James Anderson, while in the all-rounders' list, he is eight points behind Shakib Al Hasan of Bangladesh.
If Jadeja puts up a strong show with both bat and ball, then he will regain the top slots he last held following his sides second Test against Sri Lanka in August.
Apart from Jadeja, Indias sixth-ranked Virat Kohli will also be eyeing a return to the top-five among batsmen as he presently trails Australias David Warner by just one point.
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Other India batsmen inside the top-10 include Lokesh Rahul (eighth) and vice-captain Ajinkya Rahane (ninth), while batsmen outside the top-20 are Shikhar Dhawan (30th), Murali Vijay (36th) and wicketkeeper Wriddhiman Saha (47th).
The other India bowlers to feature prominently in the rankings are Ravichandran Ashwin (fourth), Mohammed Shami (19th), Umesh Yadav (27th), Ishant Sharma (29th) and Bhuvneshwar Kumar (37th).
Left-arm spinner Rangana Herath is Sri Lankas highest- ranked bowler in fifth place. He is followed by Dilruwan Perera (25th), Suranga Lakmal (36th), Lakshan Sandakan (69th), Angelo Mathews (81st) and Lahiru Gamage (108th).