The ultimate objective of the "extremists" is to promote through coercion the Hindu identity of an individual rather than his Indianness, he said.
It also seeks to establish that a non-Hindu "cannot enjoy equal rights", Gandhi said, delivering the 23rd Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial Lecture here.
"Indian counterparts of Pakistani extremists have also been active for long. Over the last two and a half years they have become bolder. 'Why not a Hindu rashtra', they ask?
Former Prime Minister Shastri's sons, Anil and Sunil, were also present at the event organised by the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Memorial Trust.
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Gandhi, who had unsuccessfully contested the 2014 Lok Sabha elections on an AAP ticket, said Shastri was someone who "listened" to the Indian people rather than "talking" to them.
"India of 2017 is very different from India under Shastri," he said, lamenting how secularism is "seen as anti-national" and also criticised "falsehoods" against Nehru.