The idol with a crown is seen with folded-hands, carrying a sword in her hip and a saree covering the ankles, a press release from the Pandiyan Historical Research Centre said.
The statue found chiselled onto a pillar opposite the temple.
The Centre's secretary S Santhalingam said stone inscriptions in the temple revealed the queen had built it in 1693 in memory of her late father.
Though the inscription mentioned a temple of Lord Ganesha near the area, it could not be traced, the release said.