Tornado, a Peppercorn-class A1 steam locomotive, reached the landmark speed during a test run yesterday aimed at proving it can operate passenger services at 90mph (145 kph).
A steam locomotive has not hit 100mph in Britain since 1968, according to The Daily Telegraph newspaper.
Built by heritage enthusiasts, Tornado hit the three- figure speed on the East Coast Main Line -- the route between London and Edinburgh -- during a run between Doncaster and Newcastle in northern England.
Preservation steam locomotives have been restricted to 75mph since the end of steam services on the main lines in the 1960s.
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Tornado was the first steam locomotive to be built in Britain for almost half a century when it was completed in 2008.
If Tornado can run at 90mph it will be able to fit in better with other trains on the busy main railway lines.
Pulling passenger carriages yesterday on a secret run, it ran at 10 per cent above the 90mph mark to demonstrate a sufficient safety margin.
"This will allow us to ensure that the locomotive continues to haul trains on the busiest parts of the UK network, allowing as many people as possible to enjoy travelling with Tornado.
"As part of these tests, the locomotive operated at 90mph for a sustained period and also achieved 100mph under these special conditions and running with clear signals."
Workers on the locomotive, their faces blackened, celebrated with a cup of tea after hitting the landmark.