Elworthy will also have an oversight of the ICC Champions Trophy 2017 and the ICC Women's World Cup 2017, which will both be staged in England and Wales.
Elworthy has previously been Tournament Director for three different ICC global events: the ICC Champions Trophy in 2013 and the ICC World T20 tournament in 2009, which were staged in England and Wales, as well as the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 tournament in South Africa in 2007.
In his new role as Managing Director of the ICC Cricket World 2019, Elworthy will oversee a dedicated Lord's based team responsible for all aspects of the tournament including marketing, logistics, cricket operations, volunteering and security.
ICC Chief Executive David Richardson welcomed Elworthy's appointment and said:"Steve is well respected and enjoys an excellent relationship with the ICC Events staff. He has a proven track record as a cricket administrator.
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Commenting on the appointment, ECB Chief Executive Tom Harrison said:"It's vital cricket in England and Wales capitalises fully on the unique opportunity we've been given to stage three major ICC events in the next three year - and Steve is perfectly qualified to provide the leadership and detailed planning required for all three.
"He has an outstanding track record of delivering fan-friendly tournaments which have been widely admired not just in cricket, but across the wider sports industry. Our congratulations to Steve on his appointment and we will be offering him and his team all the support they need to deliver successful tournaments in both 2017 and 2019."
"The UK has an outstanding record of hosting world-class events which set a benchmark for other countries, and other sports, to follow and I am very keen to maintain that tradition over the next three years. All three ICC global events will give us great opportunities to broaden cricket's appeal and reach out to new audiences world-wide.