There were no immediate reports of victims or major damage, though car crashes were reported in Bogota and local media in Bucaramanga, the capital of the region where the quake struck, said city hall had "structural faults" after the quake yesterday.
"The traffic lights started trembling like flags," Luis Aponte, a Bogota taxi driver, told AFP.
The quake hit at 3:55 pm local time (0225 IST today) in the department of Santander, a region with frequent seismic activity.
The Colombian Geological Service put the magnitude at 6.6 and the depth at 161 kilometres.
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"At the moment no one has been injured by the earthquake anywhere in the country. We remain on alert," President Juan Manuel Santos wrote on Twitter.
Aviation officials said flights were disrupted at the airport in the central city of Manizales because of volcanic ash, which is sometimes released by seismic activity. The rest of the country's airports were operating normally, they said.
Tremors were felt as far away as neighbouring Venezuela.
The Andean region of South America, including Colombia, is part of the Pacific Ocean's seismically turbulent "Ring of Fire," which makes it prone to earthquakes.