A truck brought the roughly 2.44-metre component known as a flaperon to the DGA TA aeronautical testing site near Toulouse, accompanied by police motorcycles and a police car.
French aviation experts will try to establish whether the wreckage that was found on the Indian Ocean island Reunion was part of the Boeing 777 which disappeared March 8, 2014, with 239 people on board.
The experts, including a legal expert, will start their inquiry on Wednesday, according to the Paris prosecutor's office.
Air safety investigators, including one from Boeing, have identified the component as a flaperon from the trailing edge of a Boeing 777 wing, a US official said.
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The official wasn't authorised to be publicly identified.
Flight 370 is the only missing 777.
Under a microscope and expert eyes, the wing fragment that washed up on the beach of the volcanic island could yield clues not just to its path through the Indian Ocean, but also to what happened to the airplane.
Even if the piece is confirmed to be wreckage from Flight 370, there's no guarantee that investigators can find the plane's vital black box recorders or other debris.
A multinational search effort has so far come up empty.