Sperisen, 44, holds Swiss and Guatemalan citizenship and was sentenced last year after a three-week trial for the deaths of seven prisoners. The sentence was then widened to include three other jail deaths.
Having left his homeland for Geneva, Sperisen could not be extradited to stand trial for killing prisoners in the mid-2000s.
But Swiss citizens can be tried at home for crimes committed abroad.
The case was launched after a lawsuit filed by the mother of one of Sperisen's victims, and the trial opened on May 15 last year.
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He shot dead one of the Pavon prisoners himself.
Sperisen, who is nicknamed "The Viking" due to his hefty build and ginger beard, was appointed police chief in 2004.
He left Guatemala in 2007 amid a scandal that saw him and the country's interior minister Carlos Vielmann resign that March.
Sperisen's paternal grandfather was a Swiss immigrant to Guatemala, giving him the right to Swiss citizenship.