Merouane Benahmed, who was arrested in Switzerland six months ago after he skipped out on his house arrest in northwestern France, "was handed over to French authorities at the Thonex-Vallard border crossing," justice ministry spokesman Folco Galli said in an email.
Benahmed, who had been living under house arrest in the French town of Evron since 2015, had failed to show up for one his mandated meetings with local police on September 8, triggering his arrest warrant.
Migration authorities at the time said he had wanted to seek asylum in Switzerland.
The justice ministry decided in December to grant France's extradition request, but Benahmed appealed the decision.
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The Swiss federal criminal court rejected his appeal last month, and since he did not counter that ruling, "the extradition order ... Became enforceable," Galli said.
The 43-year-old Benahmed fled Algeria in 1999 before being sentenced to death in absentia.
He was slapped with the 10-year prison sentence in France over his links to a suspected insurgent organisation known as the "Chechen Network."
Algeria's Armed Islamic Group, known by its French acronym GIA, waged a deadly war against the country's secular military government through the 1990s.
It is now considered largely dormant.
Benahmed's lawyer, Isabelle Coutant-Peyre, has described her client's house arrest as "illegitimate.