The agreement on information concerns non-residents with assets in the country, brokered by the OECD and Council of Europe.
In a statement, the government said it was committed to complying with international standards on tax issues.
"The signing of the OECD/Council of Europe convention underscores Switzerland's willingness to conform to these standards," the statement said.
"It also confirms Switzerland's commitment to the global fight against tax fraud and tax evasion with a view to safeguarding the integrity and reputation of the country's financial centre."
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The accord, drawn up by the Paris-based Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Strasbourg-headquartered Council of Europe -- which is separate from the European Union -- sets down ways for governments to cooperate in order to fix and levy taxes on non-residents.
The automatic exchange of information about non-residents, a particularly controversial area given Switzerland's trademark banking secrecy, is one of the options available in the accord. But additional deals between individual signatory countries are required for such a measure to be applied.
For example, Switzerland taxes the accounts of non-resident European Union citizens who have money in the country, and then transfers the cash to the individual's homeland without revealing their names.
In a related decision on Wednesday, the Swiss government also drew up a mandate for talks with the EU, which wants to update the current rules.