After meeting King Salman and other leaders in Saudi Arabia, Frank-Walter Steinmeier said the talks broke down "because of the military escalations by the regime".
Backed by a wave of Russian air strikes, government forces have advanced this week against rebel positions on the road to the country's second city Aleppo in an offensive that has been blamed for suspension of the Geneva talks.
"The fighting has seen an escalation and regime forces bear the responsibility for that," Steinmeier said at a news conference with his Saudi counterpart Adel al-Jubeir.
His comments came after several days of fruitless meetings aimed at starting indirect negotiations between Syria's government and opposition.
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"This is a very difficult situation," Steinmeier said, according to an English translation of his remarks.
"But there is still a glimpse of hope. There is still a conviction of all parties to maintain the principles of Vienna... Based on that we can come back to the negotiating table."
Germany is one of 20 nations and international organisations -- including Saudi Arabia -- in the Syria Support Group which last year in Vienna devised a plan for political transition leading to free elections in Syria.
Jubeir told reporters the Syrian government delegation "was not serious" about peace negotiations and that Russia had intensified its military operations in support of President Bashar al-Assad.
The almost five-year-old civil war has killed more than 260,000 people, forced millions from their homes and sucked in a host of regional and global powers.
Germany accepted more than one million asylum-seekers last year, many of them from Syria.