Yeh Wen-hsiang, chairman of Chang Guann Co, was indicted on 235 counts of fraud and food safety violations for selling the recycled cooking oil to food companies, bakeries and restaurants since March, the Pingtung district prosecutor's office said.
Three people, including the manager of an unlicensed factory that supplied the firm, were indicted for the same offences while four others were charged with violating waste disposal law, it said in a statement.
Fraud and food safety violations are punishable by maximum seven-year and five-year jail terms respectively, according to Taiwanese law.
Yeh has been detained since September 13 after investigators discovered his company had purchased 243 tonnes of tainted oil collected from cookers, fryers, and grease traps, as well as recycled grease from leather processing plants.
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The contaminated fat was then mixed with regular lard before distribution to clients.
More than 1,000 restaurants, bakeries and food plants in Taiwan had used the tainted oil, according to the Food and Drug Administration.
Taiwan's government is planning to increase fines tenfold for food safety violations and raise the maximum prison term to seven years, as well as offering whistle-blowers more rewards in the wake of the case - the second food safety scandal to hit the island in less than a year.