The expulsion of the 32 suspects from Malaysia in April came after another group of Taiwanese fraud suspects were sent to China from Kenya, a move described by Taiwan as "abduction".
The deportations are seen by observers as a means of exerting pressure on self-ruling Taiwan's new president Tsai Ing-wen, who takes office on Friday and has a far more skeptical approach to relations with Beijing than her China-friendly predecessor did.
Beijing says it wants to try the suspects deported from Malaysia on the mainland because they were part of a telecom fraud ring that targeted Chinese victims. China's Ministry of Public Security said they will undergo proceedings under the "mainland judiciary".
"The 32 Taiwanese suspects confessed to committing fraud and have been detained according to law," mainland police said, according to the official Xinhua news agency.
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The report quoted a 72-year-old cancer patient who was tricked into depositing two million yuan (USD 152,835) into a "safety account" as part of the fraud scheme.
"I hope Taiwan will hand these crooks over to the mainland so they can be punished by law," she said.
Taiwan's Ministry of Justice, which has been leading negotiations with the mainland over its detained nationals, was not immediately available for comment.
Taiwan sent a delegation to meet mainland police and discuss the Malaysia case over the weekend.
Twenty other Taiwanese suspects arrested in the Malaysia raids were deported back to Taiwan last month and are currently under investigation.
Chinese state media has also said previously that the Kenya suspects have admitted their guilt and will be tried on the mainland.